〕 later became the first executive secretary of the A. Philip Randolph Institute.〔〔Levine, ''Bayard Rustin and the Civil Rights Movement,'' 1999, p. 175-176.〕 Another openly gay man, Tom Kahn wrote speeches for and served as assistant to AFL-CIO presidents George Meany and Lane Kirkland, as well as head of the AFL-CIO's International Affairs Department from 1986 until his death in 1992.〔〔Tom Kahn's life motivated several discussions:
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〕 Openly gay Bill Olwell became an international vice president of the Retail Clerks International Union (RCIU) in 1972, and was later elected to a similar position with the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) in 1986 after the RCIU merged with the Amalgamated Meat Cutters to form the UFCW.〔〔Bain, "A Short History of Lesbian and Gay Labor Activism in the United States," in ''Laboring for Rights: Unions and Sexual Diversity Across Nations,'' 1999, p. 61, 68.〕
The first public endorsement of LGBT rights by an American labor union, however, did not occur until 1970, after the Stonewall Rebellion.〔 In that year, the executive council of the American Federation of Teachers passed a resolution which denounced discrimination against teachers solely because the individual was a homosexual.〔Fairchild and Hayward, ''Now That You Know: A Parents' Guide to Understanding Their Gay and Lesbian Children,'' 1998, p. 98.〕 A second step forward for LGBT labor activists came with the Coors beer boycott. As part of its anti-union efforts, the company administered lie-detector tests to prospective employees asking about their union views.〔〔Heath and Palenchar, ''Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges,'' 2009, p. 371.〕 Among the questions also asked was whether the job applicant was a homosexual.〔〔Friedman, ''Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change Through the Marketplace and the Media,'' 1999, p. 126; Russ Bellant, ''The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism,'' 1991, p. 66; Kates, ''Twenty Million New Customers!: Understanding Gay Men's Consumer Behavior,'' 1998, p. 157; Badgett, ''Money, Myths, and Change: The Economic Lives of Lesbians and Gay Men,'' 2001, p. 124.〕 In 1974, the Teamsters were attempting to organize workers at Coors. Two straight Teamster organizers approached San Francisco gay community leaders Howard Wallace, a teamster union activist, and Harvey Milk, then an emerging political activist, about supporting the boycott.〔Wolf, ''Sexuality and Socialism: History, Politics, and Theory of LGBT Liberation,'' 2009, p. 246.〕 Wallace and Milk agreed, if the Teamsters would agree to promote the hiring of openly gay truck drivers.〔 The Teamsters consented.〔〔〔Miller, ''Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History From 1869 to the Present,'' 2006, p. 369.〕 The Coors boycott took off in San Francisco, and spread nationally. In California, the market share of Coors dropped from 40 percent to 14 percent. Facing this boycott, Coors stopped asking its applicants about their sexuality.〔
The gay rights and labor movements joined forced again in 1978. Proposition Six, known as the Briggs amendment, would have banned gays from teaching in California public schools. A coalition of gay and union activists was formed and defeated the amendment.〔〔Rimmerman, ''From Identity to Politics: The Lesbian and Gay Movements in the United States,'' 2002, p. 130; Harbeck, ''Gay and Lesbian Educators: Personal Freedoms, Public Constraints,'' 1997, p. 243.〕
In 1979, the quadrennial convention of the AFL-CIO unanimously adopted a resolution calling for the enactment of federal legislation banning discrimination based on sexual orientation.〔Bain, "A Short History of Lesbian and Gay Labor Activism in the United States," in ''Laboring for Rights: Unions and Sexual Diversity Across Nations,'' 1999, p. 69.〕
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, a number of LGBT union members had formed caucuses within their respective unions. Organizations with large numbers of members which became politically active, even electorally important, included those within the Service Employees International Union, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, the Communications Workers of America and UFCW.〔Frank, "Lesbian and Gay Caucuses in the U.S. Labor Movement," in ''Laboring for Rights: Unions and Sexual Diversity Across Nations,'' 1999, p. 87-100.〕

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